Dust Efficacy of Clove Buds Powder, Syzygium aromaticum Alone and in Combination with Spinosad and Abamectin against the Adults of Granary Weevil, Sitophilus granaries (L.)

The present investigation is conducted to evaluate the dust efficacy of clove buds powder alone and as a carrier to abamectin and spinosad insecticides against the granary weevil, Sitophilus granaries. The objectives of the research also include scanning of the effective compounds existed in the tested plant by using GC-Mass equipment and estimating the effect of the tested plant on one of the digestive enzymes, amylase of the granary weevil, S. granaries. Efficacy of clove powder was assessed on wheat at four dosages of clove powder gm/100 gm of grain wheat (corresponding to 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1%). The highest tested concentration of clove powder that is 1 gm/100 gm of wheat grains achieved 20, 78 and 100% mortality percent against adults of granary weevil after 1, 3 and 7 days post treatment, respectively. From the calculated toxicity parameters found that LC₅₀ levels were 10.4, 0.34 and 0.23% of clove gm/100 gm of wheat grains after 1, 3 and 7 days post treatment, respectively. The lowest concentration of abamectin, which caused potentiation with clove powder was (5 ppm) and caused co-toxicity factor (32.3). The co-toxicity values increase with increasing the concentration of abamectin above 5 ppm. It was noted that, the highest tested concentration (Clove at 0.25% + 15 ppm of abamectin) achieved highest potentiation value of co-toxicity factor (144). The values of the co-toxicity factor were increased dependent on spinosad concentrations. The highest tested concentration of spinosad (140 ppm), showed a value of 108 co- toxicity when spinosad mixed with clove powder. Effects of clove powder at concentration of LC₅₀ on amylase activity of granary weevil, S. granarius at different temperature degrees, different time (min.) of inhibition reaction and the effect of pH on amylase activity in both treated and untreated insects were illustrated. It concluded that clove powder can be used to control granary weevils alone or when mixed with insecticides, spinosad or abamectin.